FAQs

Legacy Antibodies

A little help from your friends

What type of antibody is right for me?

This may be simple preference, or depend in part on the desired purpose and/or overall budget.  A helpful chart below lists some generalities about each method, but we are happy to discuss your needs in more detail for the best recommendation.

Type

Cost

Time

Analysis

Polyclonal

Lowest

Lowest

Perfect for lab reagents or limited use requirements

Variation can occur between animals and lots

Monoclonal

Middle

Middle

No variation

Finding a ‘perfect clone’ can be challenging in some situations

Long term / large scale production can be onerous

Recombinant

Highest

Highest

No variation

Best for permanent long term / large scale needs like drugs or diagnostic reagents

How are antibodies made?

The main options available are:

  1. Immunizing an animal
  2. Screening an existing library (aka Phage Display)
  3. Learning models (AI)

Animal immunization is the most tried and true method, so this is what we use.  Even though the actual response is out of your control, there is a great deal you can do to direct things to optimize the results as best as possible.  It might be possible to find a good binder by Phage Display, but because you are selecting from a random library the potential for mixed specificity is higher.  There is a lot we can say about AI, but the short version is it just isn’t there yet.

What kind of antigen should I use?

Again, this depends on your need and the particulars at hand.  Immunizing with a protein can lead to more ‘protein specific’ antibodies being made.  If your protein is from a larger family with conserved regions or domains, however, the potential for cross-reactivity is higher because you have little control over what part of the protein the antibody is made to.  Peptides are classically thought of as a risk to generating antibodies that are only ‘peptide specific’, but making an antibody that reacts with the native protein is also possible when taking factors such as structure (peptide and protein) and surface accessibility into account.

How do you know if a conjugation worked?

Official data driven QC of a peptide / protein conjugate can be difficult to impossible, depending on the protein.  Luckily, decades of empirical positive results have shown us that as long as the peptide is in solution prior to conjugation, the selected chemistry should work.  Some conjugates may look hazy or even precipitate, but it is still a functional conjugate (albeit at times with reduced usability).  Conjugate appearance is typically driven by peptide properties such as hydrophobicity, charge, and pI in solution.

Can you provide documentation for approval of animal use?

We only contract with approved vendors that operate under official USDA guidelines.  Please let us know what you need, and we will be happy to provide what is required.

What is your Personal Data Privacy Policy?

A minimal amount of Personal Data including (but not necessarily limited to): name, contact info, and research interest is collected and kept secure in internal storage.  This is primarily used as a means of facilitating free-flowing scientific contact between individuals, but may be also used for internal marketing purposes.  This is not shared by Legacy with any outside party, unless required by the services (such as a direct shipment from a 3rd party contractor).  Personal Data can be destroyed upon written request.

Acceptance Terms and Conditions

By supplying payment information for an Order the person named therein (the “Customer”) agrees to be bound by and comply with certain terms and conditions of purchase (hereinafter, the “Terms and Conditions”), including any properly authorized supplements thereto which are incorporated herein by reference, and are collectively referred to as the “Agreement.”  These set forth the entire Terms and Conditions applicable to the manufacture and supply by Legacy Antibodies LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company (“Legacy”), of goods and services (the “Materials”) for sale to Customer.  All sales are subject to and expressly conditioned upon these Terms and Conditions and upon Customer’s consent thereto.

  1. Use of Materials. Legacy supplies Materials solely for research use by Customer.  Customer understands that the Materials are not made to GMP standards and are not intended for use in humans.
  2. Changes and Cancellation. Legacy reserves the right to refuse or cancel any Order in whole or in part by notice to Customer if Legacy reasonably determines that it cannot successfully or safely produce the Materials as ordered, or that the manufacture, sale or use of the ordered Materials is likely to violate any applicable law or regulation.  This Order may not be changed or cancelled by Customer unless such change or cancellation is expressly agreed to in writing by Legacy.
  3. Reservation of Rights. Legacy acknowledges that any detailed specifications for any custom product (“the Specifications”) shall remain Customer’s property.  The parties agree that Legacy may electronically document its scientific observations and results therefrom relating to Legacy’s performance under this Agreement, and Legacy may use such data to generally provide Materials for its customers.  Nothing contained in this Agreement shall grant or transfer to Customer any right, title or interest in any of Legacy’s patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or other proprietary rights.
  4. Payment and Delivery. All prices are FOB a facility of Legacy’s designation and are exclusive of further costs, including, but not limited to, shipping and handling and all domestic and foreign taxes, excises, duties and the like, which further costs Customer shall be responsible for paying in addition to the quoted prices. Payment terms are net thirty (30) days from the date of Material shipment to Customer, unless otherwise stipulated in a separate agreement.  Legacy reserves the right to ship and invoice Customer for partial orders if one or more units is delayed for any reason.  In the event of a payment default, Customer shall be responsible for all of Legacy’s costs of collection, including court costs, filing fees and attorney’s fees.
  5. Legacy Representations and Warranties. The Materials are provided to Customer “as-is” and without indemnity, warranty, or guarantee, whether express or implied, and whether of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, title, or otherwise.  The Customer only shall be liable for any use if the Materials or the progeny or derivatives, and for any recall, loss, claim, damage, or liability of any kind or nature, which may arise from or in connection with the use, handling or storage of the Materials or the progeny or derivatives after delivery to Customer.
  6. Customer Representations and Warranties. Customer’s submission of the Order conclusively constitutes Customer’s representation and warranty that neither the Specifications nor Legacy’s or the Customer’s use of them or the Materials will violate any applicable law or regulation, or misappropriate or infringe upon any intellectual property and other proprietary rights, contracts or other third party interests anywhere in the world, including without limitation laws as to hazardous or infectious materials or agents, the use or release of modified organisms, patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade names, know-how protection, trade secrets and exports.
  7. Indemnification. Customer agrees to indemnify Legacy and its affiliates and their officers, agents and employees from and against any liability or loss incurred by any of them to the extent arising out of the Specifications or out of Customer’s, or any of Customer’s affiliates, use of the Materials or their progeny or derivatives.
  8. Special Damages. Legacy shall in no event be liable to Customer or any third party for any indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive or special damages arising out of this Agreement or any use of the Materials.  In no event shall Legacy’s aggregate liability under or in relation to this Agreement or the sale of the Materials exceed the amount paid by Customer to Legacy for the purchase price of the Materials under this Agreement.
  9. Termination. Either party may terminate this Agreement at any time by giving the other party at least thirty (30) days’ advance notice.
  10. Miscellaneous. Legacy’s failure to strictly enforce any of these Terms and Conditions or to exercise any right arising under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of Legacy’s right to strictly enforce such Terms and Conditions or exercise such right thereafter. All rights and remedies under this Order are cumulative and are in addition to any other rights and remedies Legacy may have at law or in equity.  Any waiver by Legacy of a default by Customer hereunder shall be in writing and shall not operate as a waiver of any other default or of the same default thereafter.  This Agreement shall be binding upon, inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the parties hereto, and their respective affiliates, heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns.  No variation of these Terms and Conditions shall be binding upon Legacy.  If any provision of these Terms and Conditions is for any reason found illegal, invalid or unenforceable under present or future laws, such provision shall be fully severable and such finding or holding shall not affect the legality, validity or enforceability of the remaining provisions of these Terms and Conditions.  If Legacy is in whole or in part unable to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement due to causes beyond its reasonable control, such performance shall be excused or the time for such performance shall be extended.  To the extent that any of these Terms and Conditions conflict with any term, condition, or provision contained in another agreement between the parties, then the applicable term, condition, or provision contained in any of the following agreements will prevail in priority order as follows, as applicable: (1) Manufacturing and Supply Agreement, (2) Confidentiality Agreement, (3) these Terms and Conditions.  Any notice to either party required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be effective upon receipt at such party’s regular business address.  This Agreement and all related acts and transactions shall be governed, construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, USA.

Office Hours

M – F 7:00 am to 4:00 pm (ET)

Contact Info

2 Shaker Rd., Suite B203

Shirley, MA 01464

scott@legacyantibodies.com

Copyright © 2026 Legacy Antibodies. All Rights Reserved.